THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 




Bennett Hall. 



Franklin Field. Laboratory of Hygiene. John Harrison Chemical Central Light and Heat Station University Hospital. Laboratory Building of Wm. Pepper Clinic; 

Laboratory. and Medical Department. Laboratory. 

Dental Hall. University Library. Mechanical Engineering Building. Houston Hall. Medical Hall. Wistar Institute of Anatomy 

bird's-eye view 
UNIVERSITY OF 




wr 





, > 



* 



m 









Dlogy. 

THE BUILDINGS. 

iNNSYLVANIA. 



Veterinary Hall and Hospital. Dining-Hall. Biological Hall. 

Dormitories. Dormitories. Dormitories. 







, M )••■'■' 







Ar 










Mechanical Engineering Uuilding. Houston Hall. Medical Hail. Wist* 



WiiVar li.stinncof Anatomy .mil liiology. Durmil 

bird's-eye view of the buildings. 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



DIning-Hail. Biological Hall. 



THE 



UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLUSTRATED 



BY 

JOHN BACH McMASTER 



AND 



A SKETCH OF FRANKLIN FIELD 



BY 

H. LAUSSAT GEYELIN 



PHILADELPHIA 

B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 5V* 

1897 






Copyright, 1897, 

BY 

J. B. Lippincott Company. 



CONTENTS 

#- 

The Charitable School and Academy United, 1749-50 . 

Money given by the City of Philadelphia, 1750 

The Academy formally Opened, 1750-51 ..... 

The Academy and Charitable School Chartered . 

The College, Academy, and Charitable School Chartered, 1755 

Money raised by Lotteries, 1755-60 ...... 

The First Medical Professorship in America, 1765 

Destruction of the College, Creation of the University of the 

The College, Academy, and Charitable School Re-established, i 

The University of Pennsylvania Chartered, 1791 

Decline of the Department of Arts, 1800-18 10 

Reorganization of the Department of Arts, 1828 

A Botanical Garden Attempted, 1 807-1 820 

The Early Law Schools, 1791, 1817 . 

Rise of the Scientific Schools, 1850, 1864 

The University Hospital Founded. Generosity of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia 

The Buildings in West Philadelphia Occupied, 1872 ...... 

5 



State of Pennsyl\ 



l. 1779 



PAGE 

10 

12 
22 

24 
26 
28 

34 
36 
38 
38 
42 
44 
46 

5o 
56 
60 
64 



CONTENTS 



The Towne Scientific School, 1875 . • • • • 

New Departments, 1 877-1 881 ...... 

Resignation of Dr. Stille. Dr. Pepper becomes Provost 
The Veterinary College and Biological School 
New Buildings, 1 888-1 896 .... 

Gift of Pennsylvania to the Hospital 
Graduate Department for Women 
Growth of the University under Dr. Pepper 
Mr. Charles C. Harrison becomes Provost 
The George Leib Harrison Fund 
Gift from the State of Pennsylvania 
j The Dormitories ..... 

Houston Hall ..... 

Franklin Field 



PAGE 

66 

68 

68 

72 

76 

82 

86 

88 

97 

97 

98 

102 

104. 

109 




LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



Bird's-Eye View of the Buildings, University of 
Pennsylvania .... Frontispiece. 

The Academy and The Charity School and 
Dormitories 

Department of Medicine . 

University Buildings, i 802-1 829 

University Buildings, 1 829-1 873 

University Library, College Hall, Medical Hall, 
and Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 
University of Pennsylvania .... 

Rear of Houston Hall, Medical Hall, and Col- 
lege Hall ........ 

The Chapel, University of Pennsylvania 

Biological Hall ....... 

Biological Hall and Part of Botanical Garden 

University Library, West Front .... 

University Library, East Front . ... 



1 1 

13 
•5 
17 



19 

21 
23 
25 
27 
29 
3i 



PAGE 

Reading Room, University Library ... 33 
John Harrison Chemical Laboratory 35 

Mechanical Engineering Building, Central Light 

and Heat Station, and University Library . 37 
Mechanical Engineering Building .... 39 
Flower Astronomical Observatory . . .- 41 

Medical Hall 43 

Laboratory Building, Department of Medicine . 45 

Laboratory of Hy'giene -47 

Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology . . 49 
D. Hayes Agnew Memorial Pavilion, Main Hos- 
pital Building, Gibson Wing, Pepper Clinical 
Laboratory, and Maternity Pavilion, Uni- 
versity Hospital . . . . . 51 
University Hospital, Main Building . . -53 
Gibson Wing, University Hospital, and Pepper 

Clinical Laboratory . . . . . -55 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Maternity Pavilions, Front View, University 

Hospital ..... 
Court-yard of Maternity Pavilions, University 

Hospital ..... 
D. Hayes Agnew Memorial Pavilion, University 

Hospital ....... 

Mortuary, University Hospital 

Nurses' Home, University Hospital 

Dental Hall, University of Pennsylvania . 

Veterinary Hall, Veterinary Hospital, and Bio 

logical Hall 

Court-yard, Department of Veterinary Medicine 

Veterinary Hospital 

Hospital for Dogs and other Small Animals 

Veterinary Hospital . 
Houston Hall, Front View 
Hallway, First Floor, Houston Hall 
Reading Room, Houston Hall 
Billiard Room, Houston Hall 
Hallway, Second Floor, Houston Hall 
Auditorium, Houston Hall 



57 

59 

61 
63 
65 
67 

69 
7i 
73 

75 
77 

79 
81 

33 
85 
87 



Trophy and Sitting Rooms, Houston Hall . 

Small Gymnasium, Houston Hall . 

Bowling Alley, Houston Hall 

Swimming Pool, Houston Hall 

Woodland Avenue Front of Dormitories 

Pine Street Front of Dormitories 

"The Triangle," University Dormitories . 

"The Little Quad.," University Dormitories 

"The Arcade." Entrance to "The Little 

Quad.," University Dormitories 
Detail of Dormitories ..... 
Proposed Museum of Archaeology and Paleon 

tology . 

Franklin Field, the Athletic Grounds of the 

University of Pennsylvania 
Exterior of Grand Stand 
Field House .... 
Diagram of Field House 
Franklin Field 
Old Field, Thirty-seventh and Spruce Streets 



PAGE 
89 
90 
91 

93 
94 

95 
96 

99 

101 
103 

105 

1 10 
1 1 2 
112 

"3 
114 

"5 



A SHORT HISTORY OF THE 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 



^topT'i il; history of the University of Pennsylvania begins in 1740, when certain public- 

M 1 spirited citizens of Philadelphia undertook to fill two long-felt public wants. One 

^^^^V was the erection of a building within which the Rev. George Whitfield could 

preach ; for no sect then in the city would allow him to enter its pulpit. The 

other was the founding of a free school for the instruction of the children of the poor in 

useful literature and the Christian religion. The attempt succeeded. Money was freely 

subscribed ; a lot was bought on Fourth Street, below Arch, and, in September, 1 740, the 

erection of what was called the New Building was begun, for the purpose of providing 

quarters for a Charitable School, and a meeting-house for Whitfield. But neither the school 

nor the building proved a success. The enthusiasm for Whitfield subsided. The revival he 

started died out, and in 1749 the trustees found themselves loaded with a debt of nearly 

^800 proclamation money. 

Meantime a movement begun by Benjamin Franklin six years before was taking shape. 
Of primary schools there seem to have been enough. The William Perm Charter School 

9 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

afforded all that was needed in the way of secondary education. But what in our day is 
called higher education had been so sadly neglected, that it was not to be had in the province. 
With the purpose of providing it, Franklin, in 1743, attempted to persuade a number of influ- 
ential citizens to aid him in establishing an academy, and went so far as to draw up a scheme 
of such a school. But the times were ill-suited to the undertaking. The affairs of the prov- 
ince were in disorder. King George's war soon opened, and nothing more was heard of the 
academy till after the peace, when, in 1 749, Franklin revived the idea and issued his pamphlet, 
" Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania." Then, at last, the desired 
aid was secured. The pamphlet was well received, and the interest aroused so considerable, 
that subscribers to the scheme were called upon to choose twenty-four from their number 
to act as a board of trustees. Franklin was made president, a constitution was framed, 
teachers engaged, a building secured, and the Academy opened. But the scholars increased in 
number so rapidly that the house was too small, and the trustees were looking about for a 
plot of land on which to build, when some one suggested the idea of uniting the struggling 
Charitable School, which had a large building and a heavy debt, with the prosperous Academy, 
which had money and scholars, but needed a home. 

THE CHARITABLE SCHOOL AND ACADEMY UNITED, 1749-50. 

Now it so happened that Franklin was a trustee of each institution, and by his aid the 
union was effected. The New Building was transferred, February 1, 1749-50, on condition that 




THE ACADEMY. 



THE CHARITY SCHOOL AND DORMITORIES. 



Corner of Fourth and Mulberry Streets. 1751 to 1802. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

the Charitable School debt of £yj<, i&s. nd. 3/! should be paid, that a charitable school 
should be maintained, and a large hall on the ground floor be kept open forever, for the 
use of occasional preachers, without regard to sect or creed. 

Having thus absorbed the old Charitable School, the trustees of what then became the 
Academy and Charitable School, bestirred themselves more actively than ever to raise funds. 
The money used to buy the New Building had come chiefly from their own pockets. But 
more was needed to adapt the premises to school purposes, and to get this an appeal was 
made to the Common Council of Philadelphia on July 30, 1750. What took place when this 
weighty matter was considered by the Council is so well described in its minutes that I cannot 
do better than transcribe them. 

MONEY GIVEN BY THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, 1750. 

"At a Common Council held at Philadelphia for the City of Philadelphia the 30th day of 
July, 1750. 

"The Recorder acquainted the Board that there is a Design on Foot for the Erecting 
a Publick Academy and Charity School in this City, for instructing Youth in the several 
Branches of useful Learning, and that divers of the Inhabitants have subscribed liberally 
towards it ; But as this Undertaking is attended with a great Expense in the Beginning, some 
further Assistance is necessary to carry it into Execution in the best Manner. And as this 
Corporation have a considerable Sum of Money in the Hands of their Treasurer, and have 

12 




DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE. 
East side of Fifth Street, between Library and Walnut Streets, 1765 to 1802. (Building known as Surgeons' Hall.)" 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

likewise an Income of about Three Hundred pounds p. annum, besides Fines and Forfeitures, 
the Recorder proposed that it might be considered, whether this Design for the Advancement 
of Learning be not worthy of some Encouragement from this Board, as their Circumstances 
may very well afford it. The Board having taken this Affair into Consideration, and it 
appearing to be a Matter of Consequence, and but a small Number of the Members now 
present, it was thought proper to referr the further Consideration thereof to the next Common 
Council : It is therefore Ordered, that the Members of this Board have notice to meet 
Tomorrow at four a Clock in the Afternoon, to consider of a Proposal of contributing a Sum 
of Money for the Encouragement of the Academy & Charity School now erecting in this City. 

"At a Common Council held at Philadelphia the 31st day of July, 1750. 

"The Board resumed the Consideration of the Proposal made at the last Common Council, 
of contributing a Sum of Money for the Encouragement of the Academy & Charity School 
now erecting in this city, and a Paper containing an Account of what is already done by the 
Trustees of the Academy, and what Advantages are expected from that Undertaking being 
laid before the Board, was read, and follows in these Words : 

"The Trustees of the Academy have already laid out near ,£800, in the Purchase of the 
Building, and will probably expend nearly as much more in fitting up Rooms for the Schools, 
& furnishing them with proper Books and Instruments for the Instruction of Youth. The 
greatest part of the Money paid & to be paid is subscribed by the Trustees themselves, and 
advanced by them ; Many of whom have no children of their own to educate, but act from a 

14 




UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. 



West side of Ninth Street, between Market and Chestnut Streets, 1802 to 1829. 
(Building erected by the State of Pennsylvania as a residence for the President of the United States, and afterwards sold to the University.) 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

View to the Publick Good, without Regard to sect or party. And they have engaged to open 
a Charity School within Two Years for the Instruction of Poor Children gratis, in Reading, 
writing and arithmetick, and the first Principles of Virtue and Piety. The Benefits expected 
from this Institution are : 

"i. That the Youth of Pensilvania may have an opportunity of receiving a good 
Education at home, and be under no necessity of going abroad for it, Whereby not only 
considerable Expense may be saved to the Country, but a stricter Eye may be had over their 
morals by their Friends and Relations. 

"2. That a number of our Natives will be hereby qualified to bear Magistracies, and 
execute other public offices of Trust, with Reputation to themselves & Country ; There being at 
present great Want of Persons so qualified in the several. Counties of this Province. And this is 
the more necessary now to be provided for by the English here, as vast Numbers of Foreigners 
are yearly imported among us, totally ignorant of our Laws, Customs and Language. 

" 3. That a number of the poorer Sort will be hereby qualified to act as Schoolmasters in the 
Country, to teach Children Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and the Grammar of their Mother 
Tongue, and being of good morals and known character, may be recommended from the 
Academy to Country Schools for that purpose ; The Country suffering at present very much 
for want of good Schoolmasters, and obliged frequently to employ in their Schools, vicious 
imported Servants, or concealed Papists, who by their bad Examples and Instructions often 
deprave the Morals or corrupt the Principles of the Children under their Care. 

16 




UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. 
West side of Ninth Street, between Market and Chestnut Streets, 1829 to 18 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

"4. It is thought that a good Academy erected in Philadelphia, a healthy place where 
Provisions are plenty, situated in the Center of the Colonies, may draw a number of Students 
from the neighboring Provinces, who must spend Considerable Sums yearly among us, in 
Payment for their Lodging, Diet, Apparel, &c, which will be an Advantage to our Traders, 
Artisans, and Owners of Houses and Lands. This Advantage is so considerable, that it has 
been frequently observed in Europe, that the fixing a good School or College in a little inland 
Village, has been the means of making it a great Town in a few Years ; and therefore the 
Magistrates of many Places have offer' d and given great yearly salaries to draw learned 
Instructors from other Countries to their respective Towns, meerly with a View to the 
Interests of the Inhabitants. Numbers of people have already generously contributed sums 
to carry on this Undertaking ; but others, well disposed, are somewhat discouraged from 
contributing, by an Apprehension, lest when the first Subscriptions are expended, the Design 
should drop. The great Expence of such a Work is in the Beginning. If the Academy be 
once well-open'd, good Masters provided, and good orders established, there is Reason to 
believe (from many former Examples in other Countries) that it will be able after a few years 
to support itself. 

"Some Assistance from the Corporation is immediately wanted and hoped for; and it is 
thought that if this Board, which is a perpetual Body, take the Academy under their 
Patronage, and afford it some Encouragement, it will greatly strengthen the hands of all 
concerned, and be a means of Establishing this gfood Work & continuing the crood Effects of 




University Library. 



College Hall. 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



Medical Hall. Wistar Institute 
of 
Anatomy and Biology. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

it down to our late Posterity. The Board having weigh'd the great Usefulness of this Design, 
after several Propositions heard & debated, agreed that a Sum of Money be given by this 
Board & paid down, towards compleating the Building which the Trustees have purchased, 
and are now fitting up for the Purpose, and likewise that a Sum or Sums be given yearly by 
this Board, for five years to come, towards the support & Maintenance of the Schools under 
the Direction of the said Trustees. Whereupon the following Questions were put and carried 
in the Affirmative. 

" i. Whether this Board will give the Sum of Two Hundred Pounds, to be paid imme- 
diately to the Trustees of the Academy, towards compleating the Building purchased by the said 
Trustees for an Academy & Charity School in this City ? Which was carried in the Affirmative 
by a great Majority. 

"2. Whether this Board will give Fifty pounds p. annum for five years next ensuing, to 
The Trustees of the Academy, towards supporting a Charity School for the Teaching of Poor 
Children Reading, Writing and Arithmetic? Which was unanimously agreed to. 

" 3. Whether this Board will give Fifty Pounds p. annum for the five years next ensuing, 
to the Trustees of the Academy, for the Benefit thereof, with Condition that this Board shall 
have a Right of nominating and sending one Scholar Yearly from the Charity School, to be 
instructed gratis in the Academy, in any or all of the Branches of Learning there taught? 
Which was carried in the Affirmative by a great Majority." 




REAR OF HOUSTON HALL. 



REAR OF MEDICAL HALL. 



REAR OF COLLEGE HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

THE ACADEMY FORMALLY OPENED, 1750-51. 

With the ^200 "paid immediately" the trustees now pushed forward the work of alteration. 
The great hall was cut into two stories by a floor ; rooms were built, a hall on the lower 
story was provided for wandering- preachers, and such progress was made that in December, 
1750, this notice was inserted in Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette: 

"Philadelphia, December ii, 1750. 
" Notice is hereby given that the trustees of the Academy of Philadelphia, intend (God 
willing) to open the same on the first Monday in January next, wherein youth will be taught 
Latin, Greek, English, French, and German languages, together with history, geography, 
logic and rhetoric, also writing, arithmatic, merchants accounts, geometry, algebra, surveying, 
gaging, navigation, astronomy, drawing in perspective, and other mathematical sciences, with 
natural and mechanical philosophy, &c, agreeable to the constitution heretofore published, at 
the rate of £/[ per annum, and 20 shillings entrance." 

When the appointed day, January 7, 1750-51, O. S., came, the building was in no 
condition to use ; but as the hall was ready, the formal opening took place. The ceremony 
is thus described by Franklin in his Gazette : " Yesterday being the day appointed for the 
opening of the Academy in this city, the Trustees met and waited on His Honor, our Governor, 
to the public Hall of the building where the Rev. Mr. Peters made an excellent sermon on 
the occasion— to a crowded audience. The rooms of the Academy not being yet completely 

22 




THE CHAPEL. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

fitted for the reception of the scholars, the several schools will be opened to-morrow, in a 
large house of Mr. Allen's on 2d Street. Those intending to enter their children or youth 
may apply to the Rector or any one of the trustees." 

The "schools" alluded to by Franklin were three in number, passed under the names 
of the Latin School, the English School, the Mathematical School, and were each in charge 
of a master, one of whom, David Martin, was also Rector of the Academy. Martin died 
soon after his appointment, and was succeeded by Dr. Francis Allison. 

THE ACADEMY AND CHARITABLE SCHOOL CHARTERED. 

Two years of trial having demonstrated the fact that the Academy was meeting with 
popular support, the trustees, in 1753, took another step forward and obtained a charter 
of incorporation from Thomas and Richard Penn, "true and absolute Proprietors" of the 
province, making them "one community, corporation, and body politic, to have continuance 
forever, of the name of the Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the Province 
of Pennsylvania." This the Proprietors declare they were moved to do, because it had been 
represented to them that certain benevolent persons had raised and spent money on land and 
buildings, "as well to instruct youth for reward, as poor children whose indigent and helpless 
circumstances demand the charity of the benevolent." 

Thus surrounded by friends on every side, all the Academy and Charitable School needed 
to assure success was an able administrator of its affairs, and such an officer was found in 

24 




BIOLOGICAL HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

the person of Rev. William Smith. Mr. Smith was a native of Aberdeen, was a graduate of 
the University there, was a clergyman of the Church of England, and had settled in New York, 
where, in 1753, he wrote a little pamphlet, "A General Idea of the College of Mirania," and 
sent a copy to Franklin. The views on education therein set forth so clearly marked out 
Mr. Smith as a man of ideas, that the trustees made haste to secure his services, and 
as he was about to return to Europe, they promptly added a fifth school, the philosophical, 
to the four already in existence, and elected Mr. Smith teacher of looic, rhetoric, natural 
and moral philosophy, to the older scholars. 

THE COLLEGE, ACADEMY, AND CHARITABLE SCHOOL CHARTERED, 1755. 

This was a step so far in advance that Mr. Smith at once suggested to the trustees 
to apply to the Proprietors for another charter, which should change the name and enlarge 
the powers of the institution to correspond with the work it was ready to do. On May 14, 
1755, accordingly, the lieutenant-governor of the province granted a second charter which 
confirmed the first, changed the name to " The College, Academy, and Charitable School 
of Philadelphia," gave the trustees power to confer "the usual degrees," appoint a pro- 
vost and vice-provost, and use the title "professor," and designated William Smith and 
Francis Allison as provost and vice-provost. The wisdom of this step was quickly seen ; 
scholars came in from the neighboring provinces, and even from the West Indies, in 
such numbers that when the first commencement was held, there were nearly three hundred 

26 




BIOLOGICAL HALL AND PART OF BOTANICAL GARDEN. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

young men in attendance, of whom one hundred were in the "college." The date of the first 
commencement was May 17, 1757,. and on that day seven graduates received the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. Of that seven the names of three have found a place in our national 
history. One was Francis Hopkinson, the gentle satirist, humorist, and poet, the author of 
"The Battle of the Kegs," and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Another was 
Hugh Williamson, of North Carolina, a physician of note, a scholar, a man of science, a 
member of the Continental Conoress, and one of the framers of the Constitution of the United 
States. A third was Jacob Duche. A fourth was John Morgan, who came in time to hold 
the first medical professorship ever established in America. 

In 1758 no class graduated. The next year there were eleven, of whom two, Andrew 
Allen, attorney-general and member of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania, and member 
of the Continental Congress, and William Paca, of Maryland, member of the Congress of 
1774, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, rose to national reputation. 

MONEY RAISED BY LOTTERIES, 1755-1760. 

The financial history of the College, Academy, and Charitable School during these years 
was that of every great educational institution in our land both then and to-day. Opportunity 
to expand far exceeded the funds with which to meet the cost of expansion. Each year 
there was a deficit of some ^700. That the people of Philadelphia should go on contributing 
year after year to make up this deficit was not to be expected. The times were hard. 

28 




UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, WEST FRONT. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

The French and Indian war was raging, the frontier of die province was the seat of war, 
and all the resources of the community were strained severely. But it was determined 
that the good work should go on, and as a last expedient recourse was had to a lottery, 
then and for seventy-five years to come a favorite means of getting money for schools, 
for churches, for colleges, for paving- streets, building docks, town halls, and court houses, 
aiding libraries and hospitals, erecting bridges, constructing canals and turnpikes, and doing 
a hundred other things which in our day are paid for with money obtained by taxation 
or the sale of stock. 

Early in February, 1755, therefore, the public were informed by the trustees that a 
lottery had been started for the purpose of raising three thousand pieces of eight. The 
purchase of the grounds and buildings, and the alterations necessary to fit them for school 
purposes, the trustees stated, had caused an outlay far beyond what had been expected, 
and made it necessary to seek aid by means of a lottery. As several like enterprises for 
the benefit of schools and colleges in neighboring provinces had been much encouraged 
in Philadelphia, it was hoped the Academy lottery would be well supported. The expectation 
was fully realized, and before March 3, 1755, when the drawing began every ticket was 
disposed of. This was so encouraging that the drawing was not finished nor the prize-winners 
announced when a second lottery was started to raise nine thousand three hundred and 
seventy-five pieces of eight. The uses to which the money was to be applied were stated 
to be repairing and glazing the public hall, buying apparatus for experimental philosophy 




UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, EAST FRONT. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

and such scientific books as were really necessary, the purchase of ground rents as part 
of a perpetual fund for the payment of salaries, and the support of the two Charity Schools, 
in which there were then seventy boys and forty girls. As the lottery was to aid a useful 
and charitable purpose, the blanks might well be considered prizes, for the satisfaction 
of doing good, to a benevolent mind, was far more valuable than money. There were 
seven thousand five hundred tickets, in four classes, drawn at four different times, between 
June, 1755, and July, 1756, when the sum wanted (nine thousand three hundred and 
seventy -five pieces of eight), was secured by deducting fifteen per cent, from each prize 
above twenty pieces of eight in value. Between May, 1756, and February, 1759, three other 
lotteries were started and drawn, each yielding three thousand pieces. Accompanying the 
last series was the announcement that the expenses of the College, the Academy, and the two 
Charitable Schools had exhausted the monies acquired by former lotteries, subscriptions, and 
other donations ; that the trustees were entirely sensible that no institution and Charity Schools 
of such extensive usefulness were ever supported in any country without some certain revenue 
or endowment ; that, being desirous as soon as possible to complete such a fund as would put 
the institution on a sure and reputable foundation, they had found themselves forced to keep 
increasing their capital by small and easy lotteries ; and that they hoped this method would 
be encouraged by all who wish well to the credit and prosperity of their country, with which 
the good education of youth and the advancement of useful knowledge were so immediately 
connected. 

3 2 




READING ROOM. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY, 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Thus, in the course of five years, twenty-one thousand three hundred and seventy-five 
pieces of eight were paid into the coffers of the College as the proceeds of five lotteries. 
The coin known as the piece of eight was the Spanish silver dollar or pillar-piece-of-eight, 
whose value had been fixed by Queen Anne's proclamation of 1704 at six shillings sterling. 
Large as the sum was, more was needed, and in 1762 Provost Smith went to England, where, 
in the course of two years, he gathered from the King, from Thomas Penn, and from eleven 
thousand subscribers, the sum of £6921 ys. 6d. sterling, or, in round numbers, ten thousand 
pieces of eight. 

THE FIRST MEDICAL PROFESSORSHIP IN AMERICA, 1765. 

On Dr. Smith's return, the trustees made bold to take another step forward, and May, 
1765, elected one of their own graduates, Dr. John Morgan, of the class of 1757, to the 
Chair of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, the first medical professorship ever established 
in America. From this humble beginning the School of Medicine grew rapidly. In September, 
1765, William Shippen, who for three years past had been lecturing on anatomy in his 
father's house, was made Professor of Anatomy and Surgery. In 1767 the course leading to 
a degree in medicine was publicly announced, and at the College Commencement in June, 
1768, the degree of Bachelor of Medicine was conferred on the ten graduates whose names 
head the long catalogue of more than eleven thousand physicians who since that day have 
gone out from the Department of Medicine. In 1768 Adam Kuhn was made Professor of 

34 




JOHN HARRISON CHEMICAL LABORATORY. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Materia Medica and Botany; in 1769 Benjamin Rush was elected Professor of Chemistry, the 
first Professorship of Chemistry created in America. The faculty of the medical school then 
numbered five. 

DESTRUCTION OF THE COLLEGE, CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE 

STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 1779. 

So far the career of the College had been one of unbroken prosperity. But with the 
opening of the Revolution came trouble. The Provost was hated by the Assembly. Many 
of the trustees were Tories ; some went off with the British when they evacuated Philadelphia. 
In the opinion of many earnest patriots the College was little else than a Tory institution. 
The Penns had chartered it ; English liberality had fostered it ; the Proprietors had endowed 
and the King himself had aided it in times gone by. That such an institution could forget 
the past, and in the struggle for independence turn from its benefactors to those from whom 
it neither sought nor received a farthing, seemed scarcely credible. So certain was it that 
sooner or later the State would attack the College, that the Provost proposed and Franklin 
secured the adoption of that section (the forty-fifth) in the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776 
which provides that "all religious societies or bodies of men heretofore united or incorporated 
for the advancement of religion and learning, or for other pious and charitable purposes, shall 
be encouraged and protected in the enjoyment of the privileges, immunities, and estates which 
they were accustomed to enjoy * * under the laws and former constitution of this State." The 
provision, unhappily, was of no avail. In 1779, after the British left the city, the long- 

36 




MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BUILDING. 



CENTRAL LIGHT AND HEAT STATION. 



UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

expected blow was struck, and the General Assembly (February 23) appointed a committee 
to inquire into "the present state of the College and Academy of Philadelphia, its rise, 
funds, etc." But nothing further was clone till November, when the Assembly declared the 
charters of 1753 and 1755 void, struck down the College, confiscated its estates and funds, 
and gave them to a new corporation, which it called "The Trustees of the University of the 
State of Pennsylvania." 

THE COLLEGE, ACADEMY, AND CHARITABLE SCHOOL RE-ESTABLISHED, 1789. 

During the next ten years there was no College. But at last, after many efforts, the 
General Assembly was persuaded (March 6, 1789) to repeal the law of 1779, and re-establish 
the College with all its old privileges, its old franchises, and the old provost at its head. 
One week later the trustees reinstated the medical faculty and reopened the medical school. 
There were now two rival institutions, the College and the University, and two rival medical 
schools, for the University had established a feeble one of its own. 

THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA CHARTERED, 1791. 

That both should flourish was impossible. The trustees of the two institutions therefore 
appealed to the legislature, and asked that the charters might be surrendered, and a new 
corporation created. The petition was granted, and on the last day of September, 1791, the 
College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia, and the University of the State of 
Pennsylvania were united in a new corporation called "The Trustees of the University of 

38 



rt 1 1 f 




MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BUILDING. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Pennsylvania," with a new provost, Dr. John Ewing. When the College was destroyed in 
1779, and its property confiscated, the University seems to have occupied a building on Fifth 
Street, below Library Place, which had been used by the medical school of the College, and 
was known as the Surgeons' Hall, or as Anatomical Hall. On the revival of the College in 
1789, and the restoration of its property, the University was forced to vacate this hall, and 
found quarters in the building of the American Philosophical Society on Fifth Street, south of 
Chestnut. After the union of the College and the old University, the new University went 
back to Anatomical Hall and remained there till 1800, when it acquired possession of a 
site now covered by the United States Post-Office. 

In the summer of 1790 the seat of Federal Government was removed from New York to 
Philadelphia, where, by order of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, a fine house was built for 
the use of the President, on a lot which ran along the west side of Ninth Street from 
Chestnut to Market. But so slowly did the work of construction go on, that when Washing- 
ton retired from office the house was still unfinished. Adams declined to occupy so costly 
and pretentious a home, and in March, 1800, just before the seat of government was moved 
to the banks of the Potomac, the building was sold at auction. The purchasers were the 
trustees of the University, who paid forty-one thousand six hundred and fifty dollars, or about 
half the sum expended by the State. Want of money with which to meet the cost of altera- 
tions delayed the removal of the University from Anatomical Hall till 1802, when the Ninth 
Street site was finally occupied. 

40 




FLOWER ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

DECLINE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS, 1800-1810. 

And now the University entered on a long career of feebleness and decay. The prosperity 
which attended it from the clay it was founded till 1779, ended with the destruction of the 
first charter. Neither the University, chartered in 1779, nor the College, revived in 1789, nor 
the institution which sprang from the union of the two, for years to come was worthy to be 
called a University, and least of all a seat of learning. The trustees neglected its educational 
welfare. Departments which should have been encouraged were suffered to languish and die. 
Old ideas of education — ideas which belonged to colonial days — were firmly held to, and the 
University, falling behind the times, became an educational institution of low grade. Provost 
Ewing died in 1802, and for five years the trustees failed to provide a successor. At last 
Dr. John McDowell was elected to fill the place ; but his health was so poor, that in less 
than three years he resigned. Not knowing where to turn for a successor, the trustees in 
1S10 chose Dr. Andrews. For nearly twenty years he had been vice-provost, and was in 
such ill-health, that in 181 3 he, too, resigned the office of provost. 

Meantime the number of students in the College was a mere handful. In 1 79 1 the 
two higher classes contained just twelve men. Year after year so few graduated that to 
hold commencements seemed a farce, and none were held. When this annual public exercise 
was resumed it rarely happened that six men received degrees. For this indifference the 
times and the trustees were to blame. Unable to perceive that in our country an institution 
which does not afford the kind of education the people demand, will surely be left without 

42 




MEDICAL HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

students, and so destroy not only its influence but all reason for existence, they held 
persistently to old methods, old ideas, and saw the young men of the community go 
elsewhere or nowhere. Generally they went nowhere. Collegiate education was out of 
vogue. The outbreak of the French Revolution, and the opening of the French, Dutch, 
and Spanish West Indian ports to neutral trade, gave an impetus to commercial and 
industrial enterprise of which we have no conception. The Napoleonic wars extended 
the sphere of commercial operations, till, by 1805, the merchants of the LJnited States 
were the common carriers for all Europe. No city felt this more than Philadelphia, and 
no community reaped richer harvests than Pennsylvania. Everybody was wild over money- 
getting. The demands for young men, the opportunities held out to young men in the 
commercial world were such as had never before existed. Higher education, to a people 
eager for wealth, seemed an idle waste of time which might better be spent in the counting- 
room. Under such conditions the most progressive institution would have suffered, and 
the University, which was not progressive, suffered accordingly. 

REORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARTS, 1828. 

After the election of Dr. Andrews to the provostship, in 18 10, a serious effort was 
made to catch up with the times. The schools were done away with ; the students in 
the college were arranged in three classes : the freshmen, junior, and senior ; the professorship 
of English and belles-lettres was abolished, and the requirements for admission were made 

44 




LABORATORY BUILDING, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Caesar, Virgil, Latin composition, the gospels, and arithmetic. But reorganization was of 
no avail, and eighteen years later there were but twenty-one students in the department 
of arts. 

Wearied by continual failure, the trustees now became radical, and in 1828 swept away 
the whole faculty of arts, except a newly elected professor of mathematics ; chose Rev. 
William A. DeLancey for the new provost, and filled the chairs of languages, natural 
philosophy, and chemistry with men whose ability would command public respect. The act 
was a wise one, and in five years the number of students in the College Department rose 
from twenty-one in 1828 to one hundred and twenty-five in 1833. 

A BOTANICAL GARDEN ATTEMPTED, 1807-1820. 

Though the trustees thus suffered the department of arts to fall into decay during the 
first quarter of the century, they spared no pains to build up a department of science. When 
the President's house was purchased in 1800, the funds of the University were so low that 
to pay down all the money was impossible. The State consented, therefore, to receive the 
forty-one thousand five hundred dollars in instalments, which were promptly met till the time 
came to make the last one, when the trustees petitioned the legislature of 1 804-1 805 to 
remit the sum then due. But the Assembly would not, and the money was still unpaid when 
another appeal for help was made in 1 806-1 807. To this the legislature gave heed, and in 
March, 1807, granted the trustees three thousand dollars "out of the monies they owe the 

46 




LABORATORY OF HYGIENE. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

State" for the establishment of a botanical garden "for the improvement of the science of 
botany, and for instituting a series of experiments to ascertain the cheapest food for plants, 
and their medical properties and virtues." 

It was one thing, however, to grant money from the State treasury, and quite another 
thing to give a piece of an old debt ; so eight years passed before the trustees were in a 
position to act. Then, 1815, a committee was appointed to report a method of carrying the 
intention of the legislature into effect. While the committee were at work on their plan, a 
society of gentlemen, called the Cabinet of Sciences, determined to establish a botanical 
garden of their own, and hearing that the University had a like end in view, they addressed 
the trustees on the subject. Unity of action proved impossible, and in April, 18 16, the 
committee were bidden to make a public appeal for money. A week later, accordingly, the 
public were informed that the trustees of the University were taking measures to establish a 
botanical garden, in or near Philadelphia, that the funds appropriated by the legislature were 
not enough, and that a subscription paper would soon pass around, when it was hoped liberal 
contributions would be made. Such a garden would be not only of the highest benefit to 
medical science, and afford the means for studying and improving the science of botany, but 
would be a place of recreation for the citizens at large. In the same newspaper was a notice 
that the Cabinet of Sciences had proposed a plan for a botanical garden near the city. 

The prospect of two did not in the least deter the trustees, who ordered the money 
available to be put out at interest, and promptly created a department of natural sciences 

48 




WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

and rural economy with four professors to fill the chairs of botany and horticulture, natural 
history, comparative anatomy, mineralogy, and chemistry, applied to agriculture and the arts. 
In i Si 7 a plot of forty-two acres was bought in Perm Township, and enough to serve for 
a garden was fenced in. The faculty served without pay ; yet to such straits was the 
University reduced that in 1819 the necessity of selling the Penn Township land was seriously 
considered, and the professor of botany was "allowed the use of the yard south of the 
University, as the same is now enclosed, for the cultivation of plants there, at his own 
expense, during the pleasure of the board." This was the beginning of the end. Lack of 
money rendered it impossible to provide rooms and appliances. Lack of interest in the work 
followed. Two professors resigned, others ceased to give instruction, and in 1827 the faculty 
of natural science was abolished. 

THE EARLY LAW SCHOOLS, 1791, 1817. 

Disaster quite as complete had twice overtaken efforts to found a school of law. 
The first attempt was made in the autumn of 1790. The time for such a move seemed 
propitious. In Philadelphia the Federal Government had just been put in operation, and no 
feature of that Government was more significant than the establishment of the Supreme, the 
Circuit, and the District Courts of the United States. That the study and practice of law 
would receive a new dignity and importance, that thousands of young men would enter it, 
that they would no longer be content to journey to London to study at the Temple, or 

5° 




t ^iM P Winl w— i p r ib 



D. Hayes Agnew 

Memorial Pavilion. 



Main Hospital Building. 



Gibson Wing. Pepper Clinical Laboratory. 

UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



Maternity Pavilion. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

stay at home, read Blackstone, and pick up such knowledge of practice as could be had 
in the office of a State judge or a country lawyer, seemed a reasonable expectation. The 
great principles of jurisprudence were now to be mastered, and that it was high time the 
young men of the land were given an opportunity to obtain such a mastery of law in their 
own country was quite clear. And in what institution could this be done better than in the 
College, Academy, and Charitable School of Philadelphia ? The city was the most populous in 
the country, was about half-way between the two extremes of Maine and Georgia, and for 
ten years to come was to be the capital of the United States, the meeting-place of Congress, 
and the seat of the Supreme Court. Where could young men pursue their legal studies with 
better advantage than in the city to which would come the ablest lawyers, and the most 
distinguished statesmen then living in our country ? 

Satisfied that the time was ripe for the beginning of a school of law, the trustees 
of the College created a professorship, and elected James Wilson to the chair. Wilson 
was unquestionably the most learned lawyer in America, and had just been appointed 
one of the five associate justices of the Supreme Court. He accepted the honor, for there 
was little else attached to the professorship, and during 1790 and 1 79 1 delivered a course 
of lectures which were famous at the time. But a^ain the College was ahead of the 
times, and when the union with the University occurred in 1 79 1 , the law school was 
discontinued, and during a quarter of a century nothing more was heard of it. But 
at last, in 181 7, the chair of law was a second time established, and for one year 

5 2 




UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, MAIN BUILDING. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Charles Willing Hare lectured to a handful of students. At the conclusion of his course 
the idea of a law school was again laid aside for another quarter century. 

During those five and twenty years the medical department alone upheld the reputation 
of the University. Its numbers were large ; to it came students from every part of the 
land. In its faculty were many of the most renowned practitioners and scientists of the day. 
But the department of arts went on in the same old rut. The revival which marked 
the provostship of Dr. DeLancey closed with his resignation of the office in 1833. Under 
Dr. John Ludlow, who succeeded Dr. DeLancey, the course of study was still that marked 
out in 1755 by Dr. Smith. In 1836, when the University (dating its origin from the 
Charitable School which still formed a part of it) was rounding out the first century of its 
existence, the library contained but one thousand six hundred and seventy volumes, and had 
never received a donation or bequest of money from any man. In 1832 the State once more 
came to its aid and exempted all its real estate in the city of Philadelphia from "county, 
poor, and corporation taxes" for fifteen years. In 1838, the legislature by a general act 
exempted all universities, colleges, and academies (incorporated by Pennsylvania) with the 
grounds "therewith annexed" from every county, ward, city, borough, "poor and school tax," 
and made provision for an annual gift of one thousand dollars for ten years, to each uni- 
versity with one hundred students and four professors. Under this the University received a 
yearly stipend of one thousand dollars till 1843. Then the State was in financial difficulties; 
the sum was therefore reduced to five hundred dollars, and was never again appropriated. 

54 




UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



Gibson Wing. 



Pepper Clinical Laboratory. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

When the middle of the century was reached matters began to brighten, and the 
University once more exhibited the energy and progress of earlier days. A new era had 
opened in education everywhere. Old theories, old methods, were being cast aside, and 
the community now demanded the very kind of scientific training it had twice rejected. 
In the decade which immediately preceded the civil war, the trustees were accordingly 
enabled to lay the foundations for the present departments of law and science. In 1850 
the chair of law was established for the third time, and George Sharswood, then president 
judge of the District Court of Philadelphia, was chosen to fill it. A trial of two years 
proved beyond all doubt that success was assured, and in 1852 two more chairs were 
founded and the faculty of law created. Since that day the law school has gone on 
without interruption. 

RISE OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS, 1850, 1864. 

The school of science owes its origin to a series of three efforts to provide for technical 
training. First of these in point of time was the establishment in 1850 of the "Department 
of Chemistry as applied to the Arts," with the limitation that no more than ten students 
should be received. The second was the creation in 1852 of the degree of Bachelor of 
Science for such students as had attended one course in natural theology and the evidences 
of Christianity, all the courses in mathematics, natural philosophy, and chemistry, and two 
courses in modern languages, or, in lieu of languages, two courses in moral and natural 

56 




.MATERNITY PAVILIONS, FRONT VIEW. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

philosophy, or two in physiology and natural history. The third was the founding in the 
same year of a school of mines, arts, and manufactures. 

Under that name it continued till 1864, when, in hope of securing a share of the public 
lands given by Congress to the State, it was reorganized and renamed. 

In 1862 Congress granted to each State thirty thousand acres of the public domain for 
each Senator and Representative to which it was entitled under the apportionment of i860. 
The share of Pennsylvania was seven hundred and eighty thousand acres, and as the terms 
of the donation required that the land should be used to endow colleges wherein instruction 
was given in agriculture and the mechanical arts, the trustees made provision for instruction 
in agriculture, and called the new department "The College of Agriculture, Mines, Arts, and 
the Mechanic Arts." 

Unhappily the application was not successful, and the College was left without funds 
sufficient to establish all its chairs. But at this stage of affairs Dr. Charles J. Stille, who had 
just been elected Professor of Belles-lettres and English Language, made some suggestions to 
the Board of Trustees which led to the reorganization of the curriculum of the Department of 
Arts and to the adoption of the elective system of studies. In commenting on these sugges- 
tions, the committee of the board urged that, if they were adopted, an appeal should be made 
to the public for money sufficient not only to endow the new professorships proposed for the 
Department of Arts, but to found a School of Science. This was approved, and a committee 
was appointed, with Mr. John Welsh as chairman, to raise five hundred thousand dollars as 

58 




COURT-YARD OF MATERNITY PAVILIONS. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

an endowment fund. But Mr. Welsh went to London as Lmited States Minister. The 
public did not respond to the appeal for aid, and the scheme seemed destined to fail, when 
Mr. Nathaniel B. Brown came forward with a most happy suggestion. He proposed that the 
city of Philadelphia should be asked to sell to the University, for a nominal sum, twenty-five 
acres of the Almshouse farm in West Philadelphia ; that on a part of this land new buildings 
suitable to the needs of the University should be erected, and that the remainder should be 
sold from time to time and the proceeds turned into an endowment fund. This suggestion 
was acted on at once, and in December, 1868, a petition was presented to Select Council. 
But a year went by before an ordinance reached the Mayor, providing for the sale to the 
University of ten acres of the poor farm for eight thousand dollars the acre. The deed was 
delivered in May, 1870, and on the land so conveyed the corner-stone of College Hall, the 
first of a collection of splendid buildings, was laid on June 15, 1 87 1 . 

THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FOUNDED. GENEROSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

AND PHILADELPHIA. 

The near approach of the day when the University must leave its old quarters on Ninth 
Street for its new home on the banks of the Schuylkill, now brought up for serious 
consideration the question, whether it would or would not be wise to take the medical school 
across the river. It was most desirable to have all departments of the University on the 
same campus. But to take the medical school away from the vicinity of the old Pennsylvania 

60 




D. HAYES AGNEW MEMORIAL PAVILION. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Hospital, in whose wards the students had been taught for half a century, would be fatal to 
the prosperity of the most prosperous branch of the University. If the school crossed the 
river, hospital facilities must therefore be provided near the new site, and these facilities Dr. 
William F. Norris, Dr. William Pepper, and Dr. Horatio C. Wood undertook to secure. 

Their first step was to call a meeting of the medical alumni, at which the decision was 
reached to urge on the medical faculty and the trustees the importance of founding a hospital. 
Little urging was needed. A site was gladly appropriated by the trustees ; an appeal signed 
by the medical faculty and many of the alumni was made to the people, and the work of 
raising money began. A petition to the legislature as soon as it assembled, resulted in the 
gift of one hundred thousand dollars in April, 1872, on condition that two hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars additional should be raised, and that two hundred free beds for injured 
persons should be maintained forever. While this sum was being raised, it became so apparent 
that, if the plans of the University were carried out, the ten acres would in time be so crowded 
with buildings as seriously to interfere with the space, air, and sunshine so necessary to a 
hospital. An appeal was therefore made to Councils, and in May, 1872, a grant of five and 
one-half acres was made by the city for the erection of a hospital in which there should be 
fifty free beds for the indigent sick. 

Meantime subscriptions came in fast. Mr. Isaiah V. Williamson gave fifty thousand 
dollars. Others gave so liberally that, on November 16, 1872, the required sum of two 
hundred and fifty thousand dollars having been collected, the State paid down the promised 

62 




MORTUARY. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

one hundred thousand dollars, and the erection of a hospital to contain seven hundred and 
twenty beds was commenced. For such a building and such a purpose three hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars was much too small. A second appeal was therefore made to the 
legislature, this time by the Judges of the Supreme and City Courts and well-known citizens, 
and in April, 1873, the one hundred thousand dollars was obtained on condition that the 
University also raised one hundred thousand dollars. This was done before the building was 
finished, and opened for patients July 15, 1874. Within one year six hundred and forty-two 
patients entered its wards, and four thousand five hundred and sixty-nine were treated in its 
seven dispensaries. 

THE BUILDINGS IN WEST PHILADELPHIA OCCUPIED, 1872. 

Growth and development were now apparent on every hand. The old site on Ninth 
Street, stretching from Market to Chestnut, was sold to the United States in April, 1872, 
and with the funds so secured College Hall was pushed to completion, and opened for 
students September, 1872. In it were housed the Department of Arts, the Library, the Law 
School, and all the many branches of the new " Department of Science." 

The College of Agriculture, Mines, Arts, and Mechanic Arts, especially organized to 
meet the terms of the Federal land grant, in hope of receiving a part of it from the State 
having obtained not one acre, was reorganized in 1872 and called the "Department of 

64 





NURSES HOME. UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Science," and began its course in 1872-73 with ninety-eight students and fifteen more in the 
special and partial courses. 

THE TOWNE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, 1875. 

This made success sure ; but the liberality of one of the trustees, John Henry Towne, 
who died in 1874, placed the department on a firm financial basis, and made success 
doubly certain. Mr. Towne endowed it with an estate far larger than had ever before been 
given by any one person for the purpose of teaching Applied Science. As a proper recog- 
nition of this fact, the name of the department was changed in 1S75 to "The Towne 
Scientific School of the University of Pennsylvania." As the terms of the bequest required 
that the money should be used exclusively for the payment of salaries of the professors and 
instructors, no building has ever been erected for the sole use of the school. 

Indeed, during the decade from 1873 to l ^3^ the growth of the University was 
manifested in the rise of new departments and in the increase of students, rather than 
in the construction of buildings. The medical school, which, after the sale of the property 
on Ninth Street, found temporary quarters in a building on Ninth Street below Walnut, 
took possession of the new Medical Hall on Thirty-sixth Street, south of Woodland Avenue, 
in the autumn of 1874. But a period of five years then elapsed before any other building 
of importance was erected. In the interval one educational change followed another in quick 
succession. 

66 




DENTAL HALL. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

NEW DEPARTMENTS, 1877-1881. 

In 1877 the Department of Music was established. In 1S77 the Charitable School, after 
an existence of one hundred and thirty-seven years, was abolished, and the old building', 
on Fourth Street below Arch, was ordered to be rented. The change in the ideas of 
education, and more especially the rise of the public school, had greatly impaired the good 
work once done by the Charitable School, and rendered it an institution behind the times. 
But the Trustees were in duty bound to maintain it in some form, and this obligation they 
made good by providing for the free instruction of young men under twenty-one years of 
age in the Department of Arts and the Towne Scientific School. 

In 1878 the Department of Dentistry was established and assigned rooms in the 
Medical Hall, and in a laboratory building to be erected near the Medical Hall, at a 
cost of seventy-five thousand dollars. 

RESIGNATION OF DR. STILLE. DR. PEPPER BECOMES PROVOST. 

In 1880 Dr. Stille resigned the provostship, and in 1881 Dr. William Pepper became his 
successor. Not one of the ten provosts, who up to 1880 administered the affairs of the 
University, had ever beheld such changes and such progress as were witnessed during the 
thirteen years of Dr. Stille' s term. Not one of them had so clear an idea of what a Uni- 
versity should be. Not one labored with such energy and zeal for the cause of higher 
education, and not one has left his name connected with such extraordinary results. 




VETERINARY HALL. 



VETERINARY HOSPITAL. BIOLOGICAL HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

This remarkable development, most happily, was not to end with the retirement of 
Dr. Stille. It was but the harbinger of what was yet to come. Increase in wealth 
now made it possible for the community to respond as never before to appeals for the 
advancement of education, and from 1 88 1 the University began to grow in brick and 
mortar as well as in educational facilities. The inauguration of Dr. Pepper as provost, 
which took place on February 22, 1881, was made by him the occasion for announcing 
that a new department was soon to be added to the University. Mr. Joseph Wharton 
had tendered the sum ol one hundred thousand dollars, the annual interest of which was to 
be used to establish a "School of Finance and Economy" in order "to provide young 
men special means of training, and of accurate instruction in the knowledge and in the 
art of modern finance and economy, both public and private, in order that, in the words 
of its founder, being well informed and free from delusions upon these important subjects, 
they may either serve the community skilfully as well as faithfully in offices of trust, or, 
remaining in private life, may prudently manage their own affairs and aid in maintaining 
sound financial morality." The gift was accepted, and in 1883 a faculty was gathered 
and the work of the Wharton School fairly started. 

Thus initiated, the provostship of Dr. Pepper became famous as an era of extraordinary 
expansion. The University, which had hitherto been growing before the eyes of those 
concerned in education, now began to grow before the eyes of the people. Money poured 
in. More land was acquired. Buildings arose on every hand. New departments were 

70 




COURT-YARD. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

established. The students doubled in number. Largely through the efforts of Dr. Pepper 
the City Councils were persuaded to convey to the University an additional fourteen acres 
of the poor farm for ten thousand dollars in money and the establishment forever of fifty 
prize scholarships for students from the public schools of Philadelphia. This was a great 
step forward. In 1874 the trustees founded forty free scholarships in the Towne Scientific 
School, and opened ten of them to students from the public schools. These forty were 
now done away with and replaced by the prize scholarships, and a close connection thus 
formed between the University and the city schools. This was followed by the acquisition in 
like manner of more land, conditioned upon the erection of a Free Library of Reference. 

In that same year, 1883, the death of Mr. Henry Seybert brought one hundred and 
twenty thousand dollars to the University, sixty thousand dollars to be used towards the main- 
tenance of a ward in connection with the department of chronic diseases, and sixty thousand 
dollars for the endowment of the Seybert Chair of Philosophy ; the Gibson wing for chronic 
diseases, the gift of Mr. Henry C. Gibson, was added to the Hospital at the cost of eighty-five 
thousand dollars for the building, and the Veterinary College was started. 



THE VETERINARY COLLEGE AND BIOLOGICAL SCHOOL. 

A year before this time, Mr. J. B. Lippincott presented the trustees with ten thousand 
dollars in bonds as a contribution towards an endowment fund for the establishment of a 

72 




VETERINARY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Veterinary Department, which was promptly organized. Land for the necessary buildings was 
next set apart, a call for further subscriptions was authorized, and in a few months a check 
for ten thousand dollars was received from Mr. J. E. Gillingham. With the twenty thousand 
dollars thus at their disposal, the trustees began the construction of Veterinary Hall, com- 
pleted the organization of a faculty, and soon received a second gift of ten thousand dollars 
from Mr. Lippincott. This made it possible to begin the erection of the Hospital, which extends 
two hundred and ten feet along Pine Street. The department was formally opened in the 
autumn of 1884. A few weeks later and the School of Biology was also opened. 

Hitherto every attempt to encourage the study of physiology and natural history had 
ended in failure. When the Department of Arts was reorganized in 1852, and again when 
the College of Agriculture, Mines, Arts, and the Mechanic Arts was established in 1864, it 
was provided that any student who attended two courses in physiology and natural history 
in addition to certain others, should receive the degree of B.S. When in 1865, under the 
influence of Dr. George B. Wood, the auxiliary faculty of medicine was created, and in 1882, 
when a course preparatory to medicine was introduced into the College for the benefit of 
students intending to enter the medical school, instruction was offered in physiology, zoology, 
and botany. But these many efforts were attended with small success down to 1883, wnen 
Dr. Horace Jayne set himself the task of organizing and equipping a School of Biology, with 
buildings, laboratories, museums, and teachers of its own. So well did he perform the task, 
that by 1884 money was raised and a two-story brick building erected on Pine Street, west 

74 




HOSPITAL FOR DOGS AND OTHER SMALL ANIMALS. VETERINARY HOSPITAL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

of the Hospital of the Veterinary College. Success attended the movement from the start, 
and a third story was soon added. 

While new buildings were thus going up all over the campus, new departments and new 
departures were revolutionizing the College. The Department of Physical Education was 
started ; the first steps towards the Department of Philosophy were taken ; courses in 
Natural History and Architecture were opened in the College ; Mr. Eadweard Muybridge 
pursued his study of animal locomotion by means of instantaneous photography ; the Seybert 
Commission published the results of its investigation of spiritualism ; a third year was added 
to each of the courses in Law, in Medicine, in Dentistry ; a Training School for Nurses was 
established in the University Hospital ; a graduate department was opened for women ; and 
the Department of Archaeology and Paleontology founded. 

NEW BUILDINGS, 1888-1896. 

Many of these new ventures, together with the growth of old departments, made new 
buildings necessary, and with 1888 ground was again broken. This time it was for the 
Nurses' Home, the gift of the family of Mrs. Juliana Wood, and for a pavilion for the 
Maternity Hospital. In 1890 came the Mortuary Chapel and the pavilion for the Maternity 
Hospital, and in 1891 the great Library building. 

The labor of gathering books and founding a library began in the early days of the 
Academy, when ^100 Pennsylvania money were set apart by the trustees and a committee 

76 




HOUSTON HALL, FRONT VIEW. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

with Franklin at its head, instructed to buy " Latin and Greek authors, maps, drafts, and 
instruments." A little later it was ordered that the bachelors' fee of 15 shillings, and 
the masters' fee of £1 should be used for the benefit of the library. But the annual 
number of bachelors and masters was so small that to have purchased fifty books a year 
with the income would have been a hard matter. In 1768, after the medical school was 
fairly in operation, a tax of one dollar was levied on each student for the use of the 
library. But in spite of money voted by the trustees, of money derived from the lotteries, 
in spite of gifts, fees, and donations, the library grew so slowly that it was not thought 
worth while to make a catalogue till 1786. So late as 1832 there were but one thousand 
six hundred and seventy volumes on the shelves, and a quarter of a century more sped 
by before it became necessary to transfer the care of the library from the provost to a 
librarian. Even then he was not such an official as his name would now imply, but the 
professor of belles-lettres and English. 

Under his management, however, and in accordance with the new needs of the University, 
the library began to grow and specialize. In i860 a room was set apart for the law 
library and an assistant librarian appointed to care for it. Since that time thirty libraries 
or special collections of books have been bought or given by private citizens. As collection 
after collection came in, the need of an official whose entire time should be devoted to 
the library became imperative, and in 1884 Mr. James G. Barnwall was chosen librarian. 
Mr. George B. Keen succeeded him in 1887. While the rapid increase in the number 

78 




HALLWAY, FIRST FLOOR. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

of books made such an official necessary, it rendered a building for their safe keeping 
absolutely indispensable. The room on the first floor of College Hall had long been too 
small to hold them, and was dangerously near the chemical and physical laboratories. 
In 1887, therefore, the work of raising money for a library building was taken in hand 
and carried through so successfully that the present structure was opened to the public in 
February, 1891. It consists of two parts. The great glass-roofed book-stock, with shelving 
for three hundred thousand volumes, and the library proper, four stories high, in which are 
the reading-room, alcoves for special work, and the four museums of the department of 
archaeology. 

Opposite the library and just across Thirty-fourth Street stands the Laboratory of 
Hygiene. Mr. Henry C. Lea, in 1889, offered to erect a building suitable for a laboratory 
of hygiene, provided the University would raise the money wherewith to maintain and 
equip it ; would make hygiene a compulsory study in certain University courses, and 
would add a fourth year to the course in medicine. Each condition was complied with ; 
Dr. J. S. Billings, who had achieved world-wide reputation by his work in connection with the 
Surgeon-general's office at Washington, was secured as director, and in 1892 the building was 
formally opened. In it practical instruction is given in the analysis of food-stuffs, milk, and 
drinking water ; in disinfection and prevention of diseases ; in the solution of the problems of 
sanitary engineering, plumbing, and ventilation. The poisonous qualities of decorative mate- 
rials are examined ; studies are made of the many substances used for clothing in order to 

80 




READING ROOM. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

determine their heat- and moisture-absorbing qualities ; and instruction is given in practical 
and experimental bacteriology. 

On the same side of Thirty-fourth Street, and a few feet to the south of the Laboratory 
of Hygiene, stands the John Harrison Laboratory of Chemistry, erected by Mr. Charles 
C. Harrison, Alfred C. Harrison, and William H. Harrison, in memory of their grandfather, 
John Harrison, the founder of chemical manufactures in the United States. Across the 
street, and to the south of the library, is the Central Light and Heat Station, in which 
is housed the Department of Mechanical Engineering, and the largest private heating and 
electric lighting plant in the country. South of the Heating Station and across Locust 
Street is the D. Hayes Agnew Memorial Pavilion, dedicated to the memory of the great 
surgeon whose name it bears. 

GIFT OF PENNSYLVANIA TO THE HOSPITAL. 

In 1893 the Legislature of Pennsylvania appropriated sixty thousand dollars for the erec- 
tion of a new wing to the University Hospital, and twenty thousand dollars for an extension 
to the Maternity wards, provided another eighty thousand dollars should be subscribed and 
paid in for a like purpose. Some two years before the time, when the trustees were con- 
sidering the wisdom of extending the course of medical study to four years and the length 
of each annual session to eight months, it feared that such a bold step in advance of all 
other institutions would seriously affect the hard-won prosperity of the medical school. It 

82 




BILLIARD ROOM. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

was decided, therefore, not to do so, unless a guarantee fund of twenty thousand dollars a 
year for five years was raised, and fifty thousand dollars subscribed for the permanent better- 
ment of the medical department. This latter condition was promptly met by Dr. William 
Pepper, who pledged himself to give the fifty thousand dollars in five annual payments of 
ten thousand dollars each, beginning with 1893. But when the legislature made its conditional 
appropriation of eighty thousand dollars, Dr. Pepper, in order to secure it immediately, came 
forward and offered to pay down the fifty thousand dollars at once, provided the thirty thou- 
sand dollars needed to make up the eighty thousand dollars were subscribed before May 1, 
1894. Mrs. D. Hayes Agnevv promptly consented to give twenty-five thousand dollars (the 
will of Dr. Agnew contained a legacy of fifty thousand dollars to the Hospital), and acquiesced 
in the proposal that the new surgical pavilion should bear the name of her illustrious husband. 
The gift of the State was thus secured, and two new win^s were added, one at the east and 
one at the west end of the Hospital. That at the east end is known as the D. Hayes 
Agnew Memorial Pavilion. That at the west end is the William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical 
Medicine, named in honor of the father of Dr. William Pepper, and devoted to the prose- 
cution of minute clinical studies and original researches, and to the publication of the results 
of such special work. 

Diagonally across Thirty-sixth Street from the Pepper Laboratory, and extending along 
Thirty-sixth Street from Locust to Woodland Avenue, is the Wistar Institute of Anatomy 
and Biology. Strictly speaking, the Institute is no part of the University. It was founded, 

84 




HALLWAY, SECOND FLOOR. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

and the building erected at a cost of two hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, by General 
Isaac Jones Wistar, as a memorial to Dr. Caspar Wistar, the first eminent anatomist our 
country produced, and is legally and financially utterly separate from the University. Yet 
the building stands on land ceded to it by the University, and contains within its walls the 
Wistar and Horner Museums, transferred to it by the medical faculty, and is governed by a 
board of nine members, of whom six are appointed annually by the trustees of the University. 

GRADUATE DEPARTMENT FOR WOMEN. 

At the other end of the campus, on the corner of Thirty-fourth Street and Walnut, 
stands Bennett Hall, the least pretentious of the University buildings, yet indicative of one 
of the most important steps ever taken by the trustees, the establishment of a Graduate 
Department for Women. From the day when the Academy absorbed the Charitable School, 
down to 1877, the University always maintained a charitable school for boys and another for 
girls. After 1877, when the old Charitable School took on the form of free scholarships, 
young women were admitted to the course in music, and were allowed to attend certain 
lectures and to work in certain laboratories, without being regularly matriculated as University 
students. This led Mrs. Bloomfield H. Moore to present the University with ten thousand 
dollars, the income of which is used to enable women who are, or intend to be, teachers to 
pursue such studies as are open to them. Gladly would many of the friends of the University 
have seen all undergraduate courses attended by women. Once, indeed, the Faculty recom- 

86 




AUDITORIUM. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

mended to the trustees that the step should be taken. But the expense it would entail was 
so great, that the day was put off till endowments and equipments were secured for a 
woman's college. Towards this Colonel Joseph M. Bennett now made the first contribution, 
and in November, 18S9, gave the University two houses on the southeast corner of Thirty- 
fourth and Walnut Streets, "to be occupied for the purpose of a college for women," and 
"to be under the direction of a board of managers to be appointed by the Board of Trustees." 
The gift was most timely, for it came when the newly organized department of 
philosophy was just going into operation, and was offering a wide choice of graduate 
studies to which women could be admitted without raising any of the objections which 
were the reasons for their exclusion from undergraduate courses. A post-graduate depart- 
ment for women was therefore established, to be opened as soon as eight fellowships were 
secured and fair progress made towards an endowment. And now Colonel Bennett again 
came forward and made a further contribution of fifteen thousand dollars towards endowment. 
Dr. Pepper gave the Frances Sergeant Pepper fellowships, and on May 4, 1892, Bennett 
Hall was formally opened. 

GROWTH OF THE UNIVERSITY UNDER DR. PEPPER. 

When Commencement Day, 1894, arrived, Dr. William Pepper resigned the Provostship, 
and Mr. Charles C. Harrison assumed it as Acting Provost. Never had the University 
at any part of its career made such astonishing progress as during the thirteen years 




TROPHY AND SITTING ROOMS. HOUSTON HALL. 




SMALL GYMNASIUM. HOUSTON HALL. 




BOWLING ALLEY. HOUSTON HALL. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Dr. Pepper remained at its head. When he took the office in 1881 the University site 
covered fifteen acres of land ; when he retired from office in 1 894 the site had been 
expanded to fifty-two acres. The total value of buildings and endowment in 1881 was 
one million six hundred thousand dollars ; in 1894 it was five million dollars. The teaching- 
force in 1 88 1 numbered eighty-eight; by 1894 it had risen to two hundred and sixty-eight. 
In 1 88 1 there were nine hundred and eighty-one students in attendance; in 1894 there 
were two thousand one hundred and eighty, representing every State in the Union and 
thirty-eight foreign countries. The establishment of fifty city prize scholarships united the 
University to the public schools, completed the free school system of the city, and made it 
possible for lads of parts and energy to gain a University education. It was during this 
period that women were admitted to the Board of Managers of the Hospital ; that the Society 
for the Extension of University Teaching was founded ; that the University Lecture Associa- 
tion was established ; that the dormitory principle was adopted ; that it was demonstrated 
beyond all doubt that the true place for the University of the future is the heart of a 
great city. During these years fourteen schools or departments were founded and equipped ; 
thirteen buildings were erected ; courses were extended and improved ; and the work of 
every department intensified by a host of organizations, associations, and commissions. 
That such services might be duly recognized, the Board of Trustees, on the resignation of 
Dr. Pepper, conferred on him the unusual honor of accepting from his University associates 
a statue of bronze to be placed in the Library building. 

92 




SWIMMING POOL. HOUSTON HALL. 




WOODLAND AVENUE FRONT OF DORMITORIES. 




PINE STREET FRONT OF DORMITORIES. 




; 'THE TRIANGLE." UNIVERSITY DORMITORIES. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

MR. CHARLES C. HARRISON BECOMES PROVOST. 

But the good work did not stop with the end of Dr. Pepper's term. The first year 
of Mr. Harrison's provostship had scarcely ended when the death of Mr. E. A. W. Hunter, 
in June, 1895, revealed the fact that his estate, valued at five hundred thousand dollars, 
had been bequeathed to the University Hospital, subject to the life interests of his wife 
and daughter. The money is to be used to establish and maintain a ward for the free 
treatment of surgical cases of all kinds. 

THE GEORGE LEIB HARRISON FUND. 

Hardly had this magnificent gift been announced, when Mr. Harrison presented the 
University with five hundred thousand dollars, and established the George Leib Harrison 
Fund in memory of his father. Out of the annual income of this money eight graduate 
scholarships, fourteen fellowships, and five senior fellowships are supported. Each scholarship 
is assigned to a group of studies in the Department of Philosophy, and entitles the holder, 
who must have taken his bachelor's degree in the courses in Arts and Science, to one year's 
free tuition and one hundred dollars. The fourteen fellowships are assigned to as many 
particular subjects, as English History, American History, German, Languages, Chemistry, 
and the like, and are open to such young men as have taken at least one full year of post- 
graduate work at some college of standing. The money value of each is six hundred dollars, 
of which five hundred dollars oroes to the fellow and one hundred dollars for the betterment 

97 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

of the department. The senior fellows must be men who have taken the degree of Ph.D. at 
the University of Pennsylvania, and must devote their time not only to a specific branch of 
study, but must undertake a piece of original investigation. The value of the fellowship is 
eight hundred dollars. 



GIFT FROM THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The gift of the Provost was followed by a grant of money from the State of Pennsylvania. 
The legislature had been asked for five hundred thousand dollars on condition that the friends 
of the University raised a like sum, the five hundred thousand dollars to be used for the 
endowment of the Department of Philosophy and for the erection of museums for the Depart- 
ment of Archaeology. Money from time to time had been given to the University Hospital and 
the Veterinary Hospital ; but with the exception of the one thousand dollars given annually, 
from 1838 to 1842, and the five hundred dollars in 1843, tne State had offered no pecu- 
niary aid since 1807. The request, however, was only partially successful, and with the two 
hundred thousand dollars granted, the museums are now in process of erection on a plot 
of eight acres given by the city in 1894. By the terms of the grant, the University was 
pledged to turn the land into a public park, establish on it a botanic garden, and erect 
a museum building. To carry out these conditions within five years, as required by 
the ordinance, would have taxed the resources of the University so seriously, that the 

98 




THE LITTLE QUAD. UNIVERSITY DORMITORIES. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

trustees judged it best to transfer the obligations to the Department of Archaeology and 
Paleontology, and it is by this association that the ground is now being cleared for the 
museum building. 

One of the earliest acts of Mr. Harrison's administration was the assumption of the 
task of raising an endowment fund of five million dollars. In July, 1895, he announced that 
a contribution of fifty thousand dollars had been made to that fund by Mr. Thomas McKean. 
During that same month the trustees ordered preparations to be made for the erection of 
an observatory. Some years before this time Mr. Reese Wall Flower bequeathed the Univer- 
sity a farm on the West Chester Road, some two miles from Overbrook, on the express 
condition that it should be used as the site of an observatory. The election of Professor 
Doolittle to the Flower Professorship of Astronomy afforded the occasion for the execution of 
this trust, and four buildings have since been erected, — the observatory, a house for the 
professor of astronomy, a building for the zenith telescope, and another for the transit and 
meridian circle. 

When the University reopened in October, 1895, the Provost met the students in 
the Department of Dentistry and announced that as soon as satisfactory plans could be 
prepared a new building for the use of the department would be erected. The site chosen 
was the corner of Thirty-third and Locust Streets, and on it the building has since been 
put up. 



100 




THE ARCADE." ENTRANCE TO "THE LITTLE QUAD.," UNIVERSITY DORMITORIES. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

THE DORMITORIES. 

A few weeks after this announcement the corner-stone of the Dormitories was laid 
with the usual ceremonies. Of all the splendid buildings that stand on the University 
campus, the two finest architecturally and the two unique in purpose and design are 
Houston Hall and the Dormitories. From the day when the University ceased to be an 
institution for the higher education of the community living immediately around it, and 
by virtue of its modern views and modern buildings, equipped with every appliance needed 
for the education of the twentieth century man, began to draw students from distant 
States and even distant lands, two new and serious duties rested on its teachers and 
trustees. Year after year it grew more apparent that any system of University education 
which trained the mind and the body and stopped with that, was half a failure. It is 
just as necessary that the physical body should be well sheltered, well nurtured and 
surrounded with perfect hygiene conditions, as that it should be trained and developed 
in the gymnasium and on the athletic field. Companionship and fellowship with men is 
just as much a means of intellectual development as the books of the library or the 
apparatus of the laboratory. All this was easily seen and well understood ; but how best 
to provide for it was a matter of very serious consideration before the two needs took 
shape in the Dormitories and Houston Hall. Following the ideas and traditions of other 
colleges and universities, it was at first proposed to erect one great building with accommo- 
dations for two hundred students, to be followed from time to time by others of like 

I02 




DETAIL OF DORMITORIES. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

kind. But the evils of any system which brought together large numbers of young men 
under one roof, and in continuous halls and corridors, was so manifest, that plan after 
plan was drawn in hopes of eliminating them, but only to be cast aside. At last a happy 
thought was struck out which removed every objection to a great common hall, and gave 
free scope to artistic treatment. The rectangular plot of ground used as the Athletic Field, 
and a triangular piece joining it on the west, have been set apart as a site, among the 
outer sides of which are to be built a series of contiguous houses which, when completed, 
will enclose a quadrangle and a triangle, bounded by Thirty-sixth Street, Woodland Avenue, 
and Spruce Street. Each house is three stories high, contains sleeping, study, and bath 
rooms for twelve or fourteen students, and can be entered only from the quadrangle 
or triangle. There is no direct communication with the street, nor internal communication 
from house to house. Fifteen houses, so much ol this great building as encloses the 
triangle, were erected during 1895-96. and opened for students' use in October. 1896. In 
them are accommodations for three hundred and fifty students. 

HOUSTON HALL. 

What the Dormitories are doing for the physical comfort, health, and moral surroundings of 
a part of the students, Houston Hall is doing for the social life of a yet greater number. The 
building' which bears this name was erected bv Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Houston as a memorial to 
their son, Henrv Howard Houston, a graduate of the L niversitv. and is the home of a great 

IO4 




PROPOSED MUSEUM OF ARCH.-EOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

Undergraduate Club, controlled and managed by the students themselves. Any man who is 
or has been a student at the University is eligible to membership on the payment of 
one dollar annually, and obtains in return benefits and privileges not to be had in any 
other club in the city for sixty times that sum. The appointments of every part, of 
the reading-room, of the assembly-room, of the billiard-room, the bowling-alley, the swimming- 
tank, and of the rooms occupied by the many college organizations, are of the highest 
character. 

Such, in brief, has been the career of the University of Pennsylvania, from its humble 
beginnings in the Charitable School of 1740 to the present day, when its students number 
two thousand eight hundred and eleven, when its teaching force has risen to two hundred 
and forty-two, and when it has become one of the four great Universities in the land. It bears 
no man's name ; it is connected with no sect or creed ; it is identified with no one 
benefactor ; but is the creation of the State, the city, and the citizens of the city in 
which it stands. Rich and poor, great and small, have all united to make it. Now the 
gift has been a prize or a scholarship ; now a bed in the hospital ; now a shelf of books ; 
now an alcove in the library ; now a sum of money ; now a magnificent building ; now 
a great fortune. This liberality, it is to be hoped, will never cease till there shall be a 
University Chapel, a building for the Law School, a Physical Laboratory, a Gymnasium 
second to none, a building for graduate work, and the five million dollars endowment 
fund the Provost is so diligently seeking to gather. 

106 



FRANKLIN FIELD 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

^W^^RANKLIN Field is that part of the University plant devoted to the physical 
*^B ^p development of her students. This feature, charged now upon all to whom is 

i^! 1 confided the educating of our young men, has become every year to be regarded 

^^^ of greater importance, and the gymnasium and play-grounds form a necessary part 

of every fully-equipped educational institution. Recognizing this, the trustees of 
the University delegated to the Athletic Association in the year 1883 authority to lay out and 
maintain an athletic field on certain property of the University at Thirty-seventh and Spruce 
Streets. The Association raised the necessary fund, about fifteen thousand dollars, and the 
field, then completed, was used until 1895, when the ground becoming necessary for other 
purposes of the trustees (the Dormitories) the new location, a lot bounded by Thirty-third, 
Spruce, Marston Streets, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, was set apart, and the Athletic 
Association, with the co-operation of the trustees, began the work of properly equipping it. 

The name selected for the Field, commemorating as it does Benjamin Franklin, is a fitting 
memorial of one to whom the original conception of our University is properly accredited. 
Fitting because Franklin, both by precept and example, ascribed great importance to the 
necessity of a care of the body in the proper development of the mind. It is the first 

109 




FRANKLIN FIELD, THE ATHLETIC GROUNDS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

recognition in the form of a personal memorial that the University has founded of Franklin, 
and it is incumbent that all her sons and well-wishers should see that it is worthy the name 
it bears. 

On April 20, 1895, tne Field was formally opened in the presence of the Provost, 
Trustees, Faculty, Mayor, and city authorities. It is proposed to continue, as funds will 
permit, the work upon it in accordance with the plans obtained by the Association and 
approved by the trustees and which appear herewith. When completed the University will 
be able to boast the largest, most attractive and fully equipped athletic grounds of any 
institution, either in this country or abroad. That this claim is not exaggerated may be seen 
by examining the accompanying plans and sketches, of which a brief description is perhaps 
necessary. 

The Field proper is about eight hundred feet long and four hundred and fifty feet wide. 
It will be entirely surrounded by a very substantial and ornate stone wall about twelve feet 
in height, with several imposing entrance gates, as noted on the sketch. 

It is hoped that, following the example of those who have raised funds to erect "The 
Bayne Memorial Gate," others will be influenced to give to these attractive features of the 
Field memorial significance typifying, as in the case of " Bayne Gate," the character of one 
who was an example of a student athlete. 

A quarter of a mile's running and bicycle track, with a two hundred and twenty yards' 
"straight away" on the north side, encircles a field of about three acres, devoted to either 




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FRANKLIN FIELD. 
Foot-ball Game, Pennsylvania 7's. Cornell, iS 




OLD FIELD, THIRTY-SEVENTH AND SPRUCE STREETS. 
Foot-ball Game, Pennsylvania vs. Harvard, 1894. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

foot-ball, base-ball, or cricket, as the seasons come. Outside this track, on the Thirty-third 
Street end, will be tennis courts and practice grounds for foot-ball, base-ball, and cricket. On 
the south and east sides of the Field, a covered stand seating five thousand, and uncovered 
stands for seven thousand additional spectators will be erected. 

A glance at the drawing of the exterior of these stands will show that the architect has 
succeeded in combining beauty with use, a combination not often found in grand-stand 
construction. 

The convenience of the Franklin Field for spectators, by reason of its central location, is 
a point of advantage which no other field or place for holding games in this country 
possesses. While actually within walking distance of the City Hall, it is reached by cars 
over Walnut, South, Chestnut, and Market Street bridges, and the South Street Station of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad is directly at the southeast corner of the Field. 

The "Field House" is perhaps the most conspicuous feature of all. Situated on the 
southwest corner, its dimensions, one hundred and twenty by two hundred feet, give a 
structure double the size of any similar building at any other University. Its exterior 
architectural effect is equalled by the interior convenience and size, being sufficient for the 
needs of the students for years to come. 

The first floor contains the rowing tank, with dressing-rooms for the crews, janitor's 
office, coacher's room, hot, cold, and vapor baths, locker rooms, and a practice hall for base- 
ball, foot-ball, cricket, and track men, a room one hundred and twenty by one hundred and 

n6 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA ILLUSTRATED 

twenty feet, large enough for a base-ball diamond, and a sixteenth of a mile running track 
giving ample facilities for exercise during cold or inclement weather. 

On the second floor are more dressing-rooms with lockers for scrub and 'Varsity teams, 
with a special room for visiting teams, reached by a private stairway, affording egress to the 
Field itself. Galleries for visitors to watch the practice of the crew and other teams are 
another feature of the building, reached from the second floor. 

It is clear from this brief description and the plans herewith set forth, that the Trustees 
and Association have adopted in arranging for the physical care of students the same broad 
principle that has characterized the authorities in all recent additions to the University's plant; 
namely, that it should be an improvement on anything of a like kind possessed by any other 
institution and adapted for all the possible demands of many years to come. 

H. Laussat Gevelin. 



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and Miscellaneous Books purchased. 
Cash paid and books removed. Send 
me your address, or call. 
¥ 

McVey's Book Store 
39 

North Thirteenth Street, Philadelphia 

HALF SQUARE FROM MARKET STREET 



^Founded 1702. 

...ioJth... ~W~ ^ 

ANNUAL STATEMENT 
insurance Company of Ttortfj Ctmertca 




J 



imIhi 



i 




OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNA. 

January 1, i8pj. 

Capital Stock $3,000,000.00 

Reserve for Reinsurance 3,938,281.81 

Reserve for Losses 348,656.81 

All other Liabilities ....... 80,095.94 

Surplus over all Liabilities 2,319,773.52 

Total Assets $9,686,808.08 

Charles Platt, President. Eugene L. Ellison, Vice-President. 

GREVILLE E. FRYER, Secretary and Treasurer. JOHN H. Atw OOD, Assistant Secretary. 
T. HOUARD WRIGHT, Marine Secretary. 



"The only Filter that can perfectly 
cleanse itself." 



$oomts 

3mpror>c6 
VDakv$iltevs 

For Residences, Hotels, Apartment 
Houses, Office Buildings, and Manu- 
facturing Establishments 



402 



LOOMIS- 

Chestnut Street, MANNING 
Philadelphia, FILTER 

Pa - COMPANY 



OFFICES: 



NEW YORK, 

BALTIMORE, AND 
WASHINGTON. 



CWILLIAMS&SONS 

. . GENERAL . . 
UPHOLSTERERS 

Canopy Awnings, Chairs and Tables 

FURNISHED FOR WEDDINGS, 
RECEPTIONS, DANCES, AND PARTIES 

¥ 

Whist Tables and Chairs 

furnished in large quantities. 
Verandah Awnings made to order. 
Window Shades to order. 
Slip Covers 

cut and made in the best manner. 

Carpets and Mattings 

made and laid, and carefully taken 
up and cleaned. 

Cabinet-making and furniture repairing. 
Furniture packing, moving, and shipping 

¥ 
248 South Twelfth St. 

PHILADELPHIA 

Orders by mail will receive prompt attention. 



ESTABLISHED 1848 



HUGH ES 

MULLER 



(3 



Men's Clotties 



Made 



to Order 



The best appointed house of this kind, in the United States. 

Special Department for Young Men at low prices. 

Unapproachable Styles in Garments, 

Exclusive Materials. 



1035 and 1037 
CHESTNUT STREET 

PHILADELPHIA & 



Liveries 



& 



Made by this house were used, by the 
Blue Ribbon Winners, for Best A.p= 
pointed. Broughams, at the New York 
Horse Show for several years. 



MAIL ORDERS A SPECIALTY. 



CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. 



ROUILLOT & CO., 

Sta* and Brokers, 



NEW YORK AND 
CHICAGO WIRES. 

PHONE NO. 5368. 



1204 Chestnut Street 

(Formerly 125 and 127 South Third Street), 
PHILADELPHIA. 



Our pamphlet, BULLS AND BEARS, telling how to handle stocks on margin 
and containing much useful information, will be mailed on application. 

Our offices occupy all of third floor. Elevator at entrance. Special accommo- 
dations for ladies. 



"The World's Best" 
THE PANCOAST 



SECTIONAL VIEW. 




ABSOLUTELY STORM-PROOF. 



VENTILATOR 

Leads them all 
in giving the best of Ventilation. 

HANDSOME! STRONG! 

DURABLE! EFFICIENT! 



Hospitals, Houses, School-Houses, Churches, 
Refineries, Founderies, Mills and Factories, 
use them with perfect results. Architects 
in preparing plans for buildings specify the 
Pancoast Ventilator. 

We guarantee them to give satisfaction. Made 
in all sizes from 2 inches to 7 feet. 

SEND FOR TESTIMONIALS 



Pancoast Ueittilator go., 



Incorporated. 



MAIN OFFICE: 316 PHILADELPHIA BOURSE 



Gill's Patent Water Tube Steam Boiler 

Has all the Properties Required for the Best Steam Generator 

that can be built; viz : 

The Greatest Safety for Fireman as well as Owner. 

The Greatest Economy in Fuel Attainable. 

Occupies the Smallest Amount of Ground Space. 

All the Parts are Accessible for Examination and Cleaning:. 

The most Thorough Circulation of the 'Water is insured. 

DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR SENT UPON APPLICATION. 




JOHN L. GILL, Jr., 



CONSULTING ENGINEER. 



DREXEL BUILDING 
PHILADELPHIA PA. 



The University of Pennsylvania has just installed among the various types of boilers in their Heat, Light, and Power Station, a second hattery of 

Gill Water Tube Boilers of 420 Horse-Power, making 840 Horse-Power. 

122 



CHAS. T. STAGG, JR. 



Designer 

and 

Manufacturer 

of 



<f)rgss 
/VWjorigl 

^[Hblets 



Churches, Hospitals, etc. 

35 

North Eleventh St., 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Correspondence Solicited. 

We Pay Postage 

All you have guessed 
about life insurance 
may be wrong. If you 
wish to know the truth, 
send for " How and 
Why," issued by the 
Penn Mutual Life, 
921-3-5 Chestnut St., 
Philadelphia. 



Liverpool and London and 

Globe Insurance Co. 




STATEMENT 
UNITED STATES BRANCH 

January 1, 1897. 



Assets, 



$9.339>^33 



Liabilities, 

$£, 246,08^.00 

Ijjjfc, Surplus, 

$4,093,460.33 

Losses paid in the 
United States, over 
sixty-nine millions. 

AT WOOD SMITH, 

General Agent. 



Company's Building - 



331-337 WALNUT STREET, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



12 



WRIGHT, 
TYNDALE & 
VAN RODEN 



Late 
Steele Bros. 



anb (Slass 

217 and 219 S. ELEVENTH ST. 

PHILADELPHIA 
¥ 

Designs for Decorations on 
China and Glass a specialty 

Monograms, Crests, and Initials 
engraved on glass 

F. R. DE PLANQUE 

Helief IN Plaster > 

„ I Composition, and 

(Ornaments papier mache 

530 N. Tenth St., Phila. 




IN PAPIER AACHE 



eJ. B. LlPPINCOTT 

Company 



715 and 717 
/Market Street 

PHILADELPHIA 



STATIONERY 
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION 



SPORTING GOODS 
IN GREAT VARIETY 

FANCY GOODS 
SUITABLE FOR HOLIDAY AND 
WEDDING PRESENTS 



PUBLISHERS 
STATIONERS 
BLANK BOOK 
A\ANUEACTURERS 
and PRINTERS 



EINE BOOK AND JOB PRINTING 

A SPECIALTY 



A LARGE STOCK OP 
BLANK BOOKS 

OP ALL KINDS, 
KEPT CONSTANTLY ON HAND 



TRUST COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA 

5°3» 5°5> 5°7 Chestnut St., Philadelphia 

Telephone No. 1041 




CHARTER PERPETUAL 
CAPITAL . . $1,000,000 



"71 CTS as Executor, Trustee, Registrar, 

< SJ— ! etc. Becomes Surety. Complete set 

/ *■ of Safe Deposit Vaults. Interest on 

fy Deposits. Saving Fund allows three 

per cent, on ten days' notice. 



President J. WALN VAUX. 

... „ ., . (JOHN CADWALADER. 

Vice-Presidents . . . .{CHARLES HENRY JONES. 

Treasurer HENRY G. BRENGLE. 



John Cadwalader, 
Samuel Dickson, 
James M. Duane, 
Henry L. Gaw, Jr. 



DIRECTORS. 
Mitchell Harrison, Clement B. Newbold, 



John N. Hutchinson, 
Malcolm Lloyd, 
Jacob Muhr, 



William F. Read, 
J. Wain Vaux, 
Joseph R. Wainwright, 



William D. Winsor, 

Isaac J. Wistar. 

Wm. Wynne Wister, Jr. 



I24 



jtppincotfs 

51?e most popular /T|oi?t:l?ly 

eoQtaips a 

<?ompl<>te Story ir? euery 

rjumber 

¥ 

5ubseriptioi7, $3.00 per y<?ar 

Sir^ole pumber, 25 ets. 

¥ 

3. 23, Cipptncott 
. . . Company . . . 

Publishers 



Rittenhouse v For „ 

A j Young Men 

Academy... and Boys. 

N. E. cor. Chestnut and 18th Sts. 

Established in iSjj.. 



^HE PRINCIPALS, assisted by 
\p) experienced teachers, carefully 
regard the peculiaritiesand needs 
of each scholar, and earnestly 
seek to encourage thorough work and 
enthusiastic study with as little un- 
healthful rivalry as possible. Various 
courses of study are offered to meet 
fully the requisitions for admission to 
the different courses in college or to 
prepare directly for practical business 
life. There is an excellent Primary De- 
partment for young boys. The Forty- 
fourth Year will begin September 22. 

Catalogues will be sent upon applica- 
tion. 
DeBENXEVILLE K. LUDWIG, A.M., Ph.D. 
ERASMUS 1$. WAPLES, A.M., 

Principals. 



FINE PRINTING 



BLANK BOOKS 



A 



STATIONERY 



J, B. Lippincott Company 

715 and 717 

MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA 

¥ 

Orders by mail will receive 
.... prompt attention .... 



FANCY GOODS 



Sporting Goods 



IN GREAT VARIETY 



The 

Havemeyer 
Challenge 
Cup, 



for the amateur 
golf champion- 
ship ; 



The United 
States Golf 
Association 
Cup, 



for the open 
golf champion- 
ship ; and the 



Dinner 
Service 



of 41 pieces, for 
the 



Battleship 
"Iowa," 




HAVEMEYEK CHALLENGE CUP. 



are among the important orders executed by our department for the production of 
special Prize Trophies and Presentation Pieces in sterling silver. Original designs 
furnished. 

J. E. Caldwell & Co. 

902 Chestnut Street 

The U. of Pa. Shield, for wall decoration. Price, $4.00. 

Sole Makers of the Official U. of Pa. Pennant Emblems. Philadelphia 



125 



.THE... 



American Fire Insurance Company, 



OFFICE : COMPANY S BUILDING, 




308 and 310 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 




^Gri:3\0 



Cash Capital ..... 
Reserve for Reinsurance and all other claims 
Surplus over all Liabilities 
Total Assets, January 1, 1897 . : 



$500,000.00 

1,560,056.56 

465,734.40 

2,525,790.96 



THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, President. 
CHARLES P. PEROT, Vice-President. WM. F. WILLIAMS, Assistant Secretary. 

RICHARD MARIS, Secretary and Treasurer. WM. B. KELLY, General Agent. 



THOMAS H. MONTGOMERY, 

ISRAEL MORRIS, 

PEMBERTON S. HUTCHINSON, 



126 



DIRECTORS. 

ALEXANDER BIDDLE, 
CHARLES P. PEROT, 
JOSEPH E. GILLINGHAM, 



CHARLES S. WHELEN, 
EDWARD F. BEALE, 
JOHN S. GERHARD. 



